Blind People Free Essays

Daze stick Our s-stick will have a few one of a kind highlights that will outstand and allow our item to contend with the other presence stick out there in the market. 2. 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on Dazzle People or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now 1 Unique highlights * Build in Global Positioning System (GPS) that will help in exploring the visually impaired individual to the spot that the person in question wishes to go to. * Earphone gave to help the visually impaired individual in hearing orders given to them by the s-stick. * Build in ultrasonic sensor that will help in recognizing hindrances ahead to keep the visually impaired individual from hitting or misconstrue the way that they are strolling into. Retractable front end tip of the stick that will help the visually impaired individual in guarding their s-stick in their sack or even their pocket. * The s-stick likewise has a form in radio that can give some amusement to the visually impaired individual. Right now there are no brilliant stick available yet, yet there are a few explores and furthermore some model that has been created by different nations on this savvy stick. 2. 6 Opportunities for the development of the item. There will be a few prospects that this s-stick will develop the market and will most likely get a high sought after available particularly when we had the option to showcase this item at a sensible and moderate cost. We are trusting that our item can be utilized broadly by the visually impaired individual everywhere throughout the world and will positively affect the day by day life of a visually impaired individual. In spite of the fact that it is another item at the same time, the capacity and furthermore the extraordinary highlights installed in the s-stick will contributes a great deal in helping the visually impaired person’s every day schedule in either going to work, strolling down the road or in any event, strolling their kids to class. To build the odds of having a higher open doors in growing this item, we were additionally considering working together with other enormous organization out there, for example, Samsung, LG, Philips advertisement substantially more. This will push a great deal to our item in extending its new development to the individuals out there that have never known about it. Individuals as we probably am aware will go for a referred to mark when contrasted with those new evolved brand out there. In this way, by working together our s-stick item with the organization out there we will have the option to advertise the s-stick all the more generally and considerably more without any problem. Step by step instructions to refer to Blind People, Papers

Sophocles’ prolific Essay Example for Free

Sophocles’ productive Essay Sophocles’ productive composing has once in a while delivered a lady of such harsh quality of character as â€Å"Antigone†. Contrarily the parody of Aristophanes â€Å"Lysistrat† was among the first to present a solid willed female hero, who isn't a goddess. The treatment of both incredible journalists contrasts in the way that the backgrounds and the states of mind are unmistakably extraordinary. While Sophocles focused in on the dismal disaster, Aristophanes decided to infuse women's activist rebel against control through lively satire. From a sexual orientation viewpoint it is imperative to contemplate the thought processes behind the activities of the lead characters in both the plays. There have been suicides and suicides in Greek disasters (which nearly characterize Greek catastrophes). Sophocles’ Antigone ends it all in obscurity cell left to starve to death. Yet, not at all like the self destruction of their mom Jocasta who chooses to take her life when she discovers that her conjugal relationship with Oedipus was forbidden, Antigone’s passing is a rebellious dissent against the oppression of her uncle Creon and an accentuation of her firmly held conviction, that her sibling ought to be concurred a legitimate entombment. There have been hardly any instances of valor from Greek ladies who challenged the standards of either their contemporary society or their lord for an emblematic motion as opposed to a reason. On account of Antigone it was the internment rights to one of her two dead siblings which drives her to conflict with the desire of the ruler, Creon. â€Å"Antigone† starts after both the warring siblings have evidently executed one another and since Polynices rebelled against the state and drove an Argive armed force to topple his sibling Eteocles, he is esteemed to be a heathen against the state. Along these lines Creone, sibling of Jocasta, who turns into the ruler announces his body to be denied of legitimate internment customs to guarantee that his spirit decays past reclamation. Antigone, in the start of the play communicates her desire to accord her sibling appropriate internment. It is an emblematic delineation of Antigone’s moral quality that she chooses to proceed in her picked course however she can't enroll the help of her increasingly bashful sister Ismene. This is a stamped deviation from the portrayal of ladies in Greek writing of the time where ladies were constantly viewed as subject to others for the quality of their feelings. Antigone prevails in her expressed strategic when this gets known to Creone, a contention seethes on the decision between the normal law and man-made laws. In another challenging float from set up standard, the melody in Sophocles’ play have the ethical boldness to call the way of their head as the more detestable. Creone’s child and Antigone’s life partner Haemon goes to her guard and the following discussion on the equity of normal laws which ought to supplant man made laws is a dramatist’s charm. Creone, in any case, chooses to leave Antigone to starve to death in a fixed cavern as her jail. The visually impaired prophet Tiresias likewise advocates against discipline to Antigone and says he will pay â€Å"corpse for body, and substance for flesh†. The presentation of Tiresias that Creon is causing moral contamination causes a difference in heart in Creone. His ethical problem drives him to presume that Polynices ought to be covered and Antigone ought to be acquitted. However, at this point, Hameon comes to Antigone’s cavern with the goal of sparing her just to find that she has ended it all by hanging herself, much like her mom Jocasta before her. At the point when Creon arrives at the cavern he discovers Hameon lamenting over Antigone and he ends his life by wounding himself as Creon approaches him. This leads Eurydice, Creon’s spouse to surrender her life in the despondency of her son’s less than ideal demise. Along these lines Creon loses all his friends and family because of his one lethal blundering conviction to hold the laws of the state over the characteristic law. The disastrous defect, is in this manner legitimized in Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone†. It is anything but difficult to classify the play Lysistrata by Aristophanes as a prurient satire intended to engage the Greek writing and show sweethearts with a satirizing of the outcomes if ladies start to look into issues of national significance. It is likewise extremely helpful to picture male entertainers assuming all the significant jobs of the play and the â€Å"male† male characters wearing erect phalluses to delineate their manliness may have prompted uproarious giggling. In any case, with breathing easy and the guide of retrospection help us to start to comprehend that Aristophanes may have committed extensive time and enthusiastic vitality in attempting to disentangle what experiences the hearts and heads of ladies of his time who were demonstrated to be compliant and segregated from the undertakings of the state. Lysistrata drives a residential and peaceful non-collaboration development (however the vehicle of non participation only from time to time adventures past the traditional sexual enslavement) to persuade the men of an opportunity to end the long standing war (obviously the Peloponnesian war) and bring back harmony. The play is an obvious satire that it delineates ladies as sex crazed and spine less characters for whom ascending past their day by day errands is an overwhelming undertaking. Aside from fro Lysistrata, no other lady seems to be solid willed enough to contribute in any capacity to the reason for the play. One can envision the breezy chuckling the scene including the swearing of vow by drinking wine from a shield as it was a depiction of ladies as being unequipped for poise (from every beneficial thing throughout everyday life, including wine and sex). Despite the fact that Lysistrata as a play has a ton of titillate the watchers, it has been found in present day light as a discourse on the situation of ladies who have nothing to do with the issues of the state completely choose by the men yet need to quietly endure the results. This has stayed unaltered much after the freedom times of the twentieth century. Aristophanes manages to draw a personification of Greek ladies as unequipped for with holding sex or thinking past sex as the main weapon in her defensive layer to control or change society. It is conceivable however to pardon this cartoon as Aristophanes’ endeavor not to raise a ruckus his contemporary society while simultaneously recording for future history that ladies harbored various assessments on the methodologies of the state to war and harmony. The widowhood and suffering of a mother who loses her kids to the desolates of war are not referenced, maybe on the grounds that they would have added the much consigned moderation to this regarded satire. Sexual orientation mastery is an obvious string in Lysistrata, yet whether Aristophanes planned this play as a comic fiction dependent on far-fetched situations of freed ladies addressing state approaches, or as a wicked endeavor to portray female tension of his contemporary Greek society is easy to refute. Anyway Lysistrata has stayed present and important to this date because of its widespread topics of Peace being favored over War and has helped a few social analysts put over their point during the few un fundamental wars that dab world history to date be it the Vietnam war or the most recent intrusion of Iraq. Whatever be the inspiration, both Sophocles and Aristophanes figure out how to abandon a bit of Literature which keeps on connecting with perusers and history specialists in a sound discussion on the premium set on female equity by journalists from the Greek age to the current day. Works Cited or utilized as reference Henderson, Jeffrey (patron) Lysistrata by Aristophanes, London : Oxford University Press, 1990 Translated by Gibbons, Reginald and Segal, Charles Antigone by Sophocles, NewYork : Oxford University Press US, 2003

How to Write a Rogerian Argument Essay?

How to Write a Rogerian Argument Essay?The best topic for a Rogerian argument essay is 'how to make money.' We already know that having a lot of income is not the only thing that determines your level of happiness; but it is a very important element.When you are trying to change your life and improve your financial situation, try to avoid topics that involve things like 'me vs. the world.' In order to be successful in making your own life better, you must first become wealthy. This is true for all people, whether they are students or stay at home parents.When writing your essay, you can choose to write a one-sentence piece that gives your readers an idea of what you are talking about or you can write more in depth pieces that explain how you became wealthy and why it was so important to you. If you feel the need to go into a more detailed discussion of how you were able to achieve your goal, then it will be more accurate to use a piece of literature that explains how this goal was ac hieved.Most Rogerian arguments deal with the statement 'money is the root of all evil.' We have all heard this and although it may sound obvious, most people do not fully understand the implications of this statement.If we look closely at the statement 'money is the root of all evil,' we can see that it does not mean 'the supply of money is the root of all evil.' As we have seen, money is simply a medium of exchange which allows us to carry out a specific task. Once money has been used as a medium of exchange, there are a few other things that can happen:- The production of money could be the root of all evil. We could all get paid in goods instead of money. Thesegoods could be produced by machines instead of humans. In a Rogerian argument, this would be called 'the employment of man.'- In this scenario, no money would be used to produce the goods. Rather, machines would do the work of producing those goods and storehouses of value would be constructed to protect them from theft.Usi ng the examples above, we can see that the Rogerian argument that money is the root of all evil is most definitely not correct. People do not make money as a means of collecting a wage, they use money to acquire goods or services in the form of money.

Supply Chain Management Cummins Inc. - 2260 Words

Supply Chain management is a required entity in all businesses that require manufacturing, purchasing, warehousing, and shipping of goods to the end customer. In researching supply chain operations one operation that was on every list of top supply chains was Cummins Inc. Cummins was a company that nearly never took off as it was during the time of the Great Depression that founder Clessie Cummins first took notice of the diesel engine. Clessie was born in Indiana and from an early age had a mechanical mind. According to, Cummins History. (n.d.), â€Å"In 1919, with backing from banker William G. Irwin, Clessie founded the Cummins Engine Company in Columbus, Ind. Together, the two men built a company that was one of the first to take advantage of the groundbreaking technology developed by German engineer Rudolf Diesel in the late 1800s.† Cummins focused primarily on the Diesel engine and its impact on locomotives but quickly realized the impact the Diesel engine could hav e on cars and trucks. Today Cummins is a global company with leading trends in Supply Chain management; the company is represented in 190 countries and has a work force of 48,000 employees worldwide. Cummins has come a long ways since their humble beginnings on the race tracks of rural Indiana, the company now a global titan has many product lines. These product lines consist of 6 main types Engines, Power Generation, Fuel Systems, Turbo Technology, filtration, and emissions.Show MoreRelatedOshkosh Corporation : An Marketer And Manufacturer Of Specialty Vehicles, Equipment, And Truck Bodies2940 Words   |  12 Pagesservices, and training. In order to meet the global demand for its vehicles, Oshkosh utilizes a global supply chain of many different suppliers in order to optimize the cost, quality, speed, and flexibility in the sourcing of parts for its products (About Oshkosh, 2014). PRODUCTS/SERVICES This case study focuses primarily on Oshkosh’s access segment. Led by its wholly-owned subsidiaries JLG Industries, Inc. and Jerr-Dan Corporation, Oshkosh has become the world’s premiere designer, manufacturer, and marketerRead MoreCC Grocery1147 Words   |  5 PagesCASE 1: C C GROCERY STORES, INC. 1. In general, how did CC’s first organizational structure contribute to the store managers’ dissatisfaction? The role of the district store supervisor in relation to the store manager was the primary cause of store manager dissatisfaction. Employee development wasn’t a top priority and it showed. Store managers wanted to learn management skills so they could develop promotion potential for the district and regional corporate positions. UnfortunatelyRead MoreAlternative Terms For Jit Manufacturing Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica.[21] But, as with Goddard, Plossl later wrote that JIT is a concept whose time has come.[22] JIT/TPS implementations may be found in many case-study articles from the 1980s and beyond. One article in a 1984 issue of Inc. magazine[23]relates how Omark Industries (chain saws, ammunition, log loaders, etc.) emerged as an extensive JIT implementer—under its home-grown name ZIPS (zero inventory production system). At Omark s mother plant in Portland, Oregon, after the work force had receivedRead MoreImpact Of Trade Compliance On The World Of Economics2333 Words   |  10 Pagesmodernized world the time wasted in the customs clearance can be huge bottle neck in the present supply chain since they are complex and interlinked. According to recent study it was noted that effectiveness in the customs clearance is directly proportional to trade (Gani 2016). This further showcases the importance of the having a streamlined trade compliance process for effective working of the supply chain and profit making in companies. The report involves functional analysis of the business processRead MoreBus 644 Operations Management Final Essay3189 Words   |  13 PagesImproving Stickley Furniture BUS 644 Operations Management Abstract Stickley Furniture has a long tradition of manufacturing and selling fine furniture goods. The Consulting Firm has been charged with the responsibility of evaluating and explaining how the company operates and tracks jobs and inventory. Also, the pros and cons of how orders are processed are evaluated. Finally, suggestions are made regarding the way the company should handle forecasting, inventory, work measurementRead MoreProfile of General Motors Company1863 Words   |  8 PagesExecutive Officer, Stream Global Services, Inc. Joined Board 07/10/09 James J. Mulva Retired Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, ConocoPhillips Joined Board 06/12/12 Admiral Michael G. Mullen, USN (ret.) Former Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Joined Board 02/01/13 Patricia F. Russo Former Chief Executive Officer, Alcatel-Lucent Joined Board 07/24/09 Thomas M. Schoewe Former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Joined Board 11/14/11 Theodore M. SolsoRead MoreApple Inc.: Managing a Global Supply Chain11078 Words   |  45 PagesrP os t W14161 APPLE INC.: MANAGING A GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN 1 Ken Mark wrote this case under the supervision of Professor P. Fraser Johnson solely to provide material for class discussion. The authors do not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The authors may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. op yo This publication may not be transmitted, photocopied, digitized or otherwiseRead MoreThe Boston Beer Company5244 Words   |  21 PagesCase Study # 02 The Boston Beer Company Brewers of Smuel Adams Boston Lager (Mini Case) MGT 504: Strategic Management Prepared For Tanvir H Dewan Course Co-ordinator College of Business Administration IUBAT Prepared By Group: Indestructible IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology 25 May, 2012 Boston Beer Company: The Boston Beer Company was founded by Jim Koch in 1984. The Boston Beer Company has been cited as one of the best companies to workRead MoreGrand Strategies6960 Words   |  28 Pagesenvironments ï  ± Four Main Tasks in Crafting Corporate Strategy ï  ® Pick new industries to enter and decide on means of entry Initiate actions to boost combined performance of businesses Pursue opportunities to leverage cross-business value chain relationships and strategic fits into competitive advantage Establish investment priorities, steering resources into most attractive business units ï  ® ï  ® ï  ® Competitive Strengths of a Single-Business Strategy ï  ® Resources can be focusedRead MoreSalient Features of Indian Economy8291 Words   |  34 Pagesmanufacture with 100 per cent of Indian parts and have established themselves as one of the leaders in Indian automobile industry. It is creditable that they have got a four-year contract for supply of 100,000 cars to UK under the brand â€Å"City Rover†. Tata is opening a manufacturing plant in Germany for supply of auto parts to Ford. 39. Hyundai has made India as the hub for their worldwide exports of small cars. 40. The textile industry of India, the second largest in the world, is undergoing modernization

Homosexuality Is Not A Choice For Adults - 963 Words

Biological Based Homosexuality Over the past few decades, there has been controversy over the topic of homosexuality. Many people believe that there are homosexuals make the choice to be homosexual. On the contrary, several studies show that there are genetic factors that lead individuals toward a homosexual preference. The rights of people who are homosexual are becoming more progressive and are almost equivalent to those who are heterosexual in the United States. Homosexuality is a biological trait, and there is experimental evidence to prove the biological influence of homosexuality. The trait of homosexuality can be simply defined as the sexual attraction between the individuals of the same sex. A homosexual person in the female gender is called ‘lesbian’ while the term ‘gay’ represents a homosexual male (Richardson). As the years have progressed, the number of openly homosexual people has dramatically increased as these trait have gradually grown to be more mainstream and open. One experiment showed that homosexuality is not a choice for adults, rather, you exhibit these behaviors as a child (Jenkins, p. 286). Recently this observation has been replicated through the analysis of childhood videos that have been taken from male and female homosexual and heterosexual research volunteers. The video displayed that children that are Pre-homosexual displayed non-conformity than their pre-heterosexual counterparts, and that this behavior continued through adulthood. PeopleShow MoreRelatedThe Church Does Not Discriminate Against Homosexuals892 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst homosexuals, even though the definition of discriminate is: to make a distinction in the treatment of different groups, especially of race, sex, or orientation. and that is what is being done. Regardless, the church does not agree with homosexuality, and homosexual acts. These are the main reasons why this is so; and why they make no sense. The reasons have all been compiled from official Christ ian clergies, websites, and videos. The first is the fact that it is stated in the Bible as anRead MoreUnnatural Offences : Section 377 Of Ipc Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesIII. UNNATURAL OFFENCES: SECTION 377 OF IPC ‘Unnatural’ sexual offence is a consensual sexual act between its players, active or passive. Section 377 of IPC prohibits a consensual homosexual act between two adults even if it is done in private. Roots of this section are biblical and based on the principle that sexual activity is for procreation only. Any sexual act, therefore, not fitting that role is considered unnatural and against the order of nature. 3.1 Legislative paradigm Section 377 IPCRead MoreEssay about Causes of Homosexuality - Nature AND Nuture564 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand why anyone would want to get involved in homosexual activity. There are many arguments about homosexuality whether is by nature or nurture. Before we make judgments on homosexuality, we need to identify the causes of homosexuality. Homosexuality is caused by genetic, biological and environmental factors. The first possible cause of homosexuality is genetic factors. Homosexuality is a trait from birth (Buchanan, 2000). Studies found that identical twins share many common traits. A studyRead MoreUnnatural Offences : Section 377 Of Ipc1530 Words   |  7 Pages III. UNNATURAL OFFENCES: SECTION 377 OF IPC ‘Unnatural’ sexual offence is a consensual sexual act between its players, active or passive. Section 377 of IPC prohibits a consensual homosexual act between two adults even if it is done in private. Roots of this section are biblical and based on the principle that sexual activity is for procreation only. Any sexual act, therefore, not fitting that role is considered unnatural and against the order of nature. 3.1 Legislative paradigm Section 377 IPCRead MoreGay Marriage Speech Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolved as a main argument point. Many religious people argue that the marriage is a sacred thing between a man and a woman. C. I believe that gay marriage should be legalized simply because I believe that marriage is something between two consenting adults who love each other, no matter what their gender may be. Last time I checked, marriage was about love, not about gender/ procreation/ money/ or anything else. D. In this country, it seems to me that we are just moving from one form of discriminationRead MoreThe Sexual Identity Of Homosexual People1678 Words   |  7 Pagesmore than love between two humans. As humans, we must come to the realization that we are all equal, and that you are born gay; furthermore, you don’t have a choice. In the past few hundred years homosexuality has been seen as not being a matter of choice. In the 1960’s the term homophobia arose as a term that meant a fear of homosexuality. During this decade, new forms of love and thinking came into play, which also encouraged homosexual people to freely love as well. But when the summer of loveRead MoreIs Homosexuality A Choice?967 Words   |  4 PagesThe question of whether homosexuality is a choice remains a topic in which everyone seems to have an opinion. Whether it is for psychological or religious reasons, some people still think being gay is the worst thing you could be. Newsweek.com states that, â€Å"blaming people for being gay is like blaming them for being left-handed†. They have also stated that the APA has now cleared up on the subject of mental health in an LGBT individual, staying that is â€Å"not a mental illness or disorder with no identifiableRead MoreHomosexuality: Is It A Choice? (Pro)800 Words   |  4 Pages Homosexuality: Is It A Choice? (Pro) The term homosexual originated in 1892, to describe two people of the same gender that were attracted to each other. All though Homosexual behavior between species has been dated back to the beginning of time. Today in the United States based on Population surveys more then eight-million adults alone in the U.S are homosexual. Many people believe that Homosexuality is a scientific, and is no more of a choice then the color of your skin. CrystalRead MoreLady Gaga Released Her Lead Single1700 Words   |  7 Pagesfemale, population identify themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual (Sprigg and Dailey Ch.2). Homosexuality is the desire for sexual attraction to people of one’s own gender. Throughout the years, research has been done to â€Å"prove† that people are born homosexuals, but there is no evidence as of now. Many individuals might use being a homosexual as an excuse in their daily lives. Becoming a homosexual is a choice. If an individual was born with a gay gene, t hat means that the parent would have to haveRead MoreHomosexuality From A Biological Perspective1118 Words   |  5 Pages Homosexuality from a Biological Perspective Justice X. Johnson Angelo State University Abstract Homosexuality has been around for centuries, maybe even since the beginning of human existence. Many individuals question why some people are gay and why others are not. Those that question humanity ask what exactly makes a person become attracted to the same sex and whether or not it is nature or nurture. There are three points to argue that homosexuality is natural and not by

Young Goodman Brown And Good Country People Essay

â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Good Country People† are short stories written a little more than 100 years apart by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Flannery O’Connor respectively, and they both follow similar themes about religion and faith in a parallel sense. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† follows the story of a devout Puritan losing his faith in God and humanity through a journey in the woods. While â€Å"Good Country People† follows the story of an amputee woman who is â€Å"tricked† by a fake Bible salesman into going out with him as she is seduced by his Christian principles. Both â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Good Country People† depict a story of faith but in reciprocal directions. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Good Country People† argue how one’s faith and identity can so easily be weakened and undermined by outside influences and temptations using techniques and views typical of Romanticism and Southern Gothic respectively. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† tells the story of Goodman Brown. Goodman Brown begins the story about to leave home and his Puritan Wife Faith to go on a journey that he felt guilty with to begin with. Despite his initial guilt, he leaves home a devout Puritan and sound in his beliefs. Throughout the story, Goodman Brown digresses as a man and loses his faith over the course of events of the story. On his journey, Brown meets a man who first tries to tempt him to go with him to a meeting in the forest. The man turns out to be the devil. Before parting ways, the devil gives Brown a staffShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"a Rose for Emily, † â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"Good Country People, †1823 Words   |  8 PagesIsolation: Loneliness from Society The time moves on for all people. If we cannot come to terms with that, bad things can happen. A short story, A Rose for Emil, by William Faulkner, was first published on April 30, 1930. William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. He is one of the greatest writers in America and obtained Nobel Prize laureate. As he grew up in New Albany, Mississippi, the Southern society influenced to him. Through his works such aRead MoreThe Dichotomy of Self Reliance and Conformity1169 Words   |  5 PagesHawthorne’s dramatically thematic and ambiguous short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, as well as Ralph Waldo Emerson’s intriguingly influential and uplifting essay, â€Å"Self-Reliance†. Hawthorne’s writing aspires to implicate theories and themes about the reality of the world we live in and to illustrate our individual limitations through the art of symbolism and irony. Emerson uses a unique approach in his writing, endeavoring to inspire people to appreciate the world they live in, and to have faith andRead MoreCriticism And Symbolism In Young Goodman Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne1238 Words   |  5 PagesPuritans were a group of people who were discontent with the Church of England and worked towards a more purified side of religious beliefs, morals and society. In a 3rd person point of view their attempt for moral righteousness was a fail ure, as they were extremists who had no tolerance to those who didn’t follow their beliefs. Nathaniel Hawthorne was raised in New England, a part of a country where Puritan Heritage was strong. Moreover, his ancestors were involved in the infamous Salem Witch TrialsRead MoreEssay on The Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ambiguity in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†      Ã‚  Ã‚     The literary critics agree that there is considerable ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown.† This essay intends to illustrate the previous statement and to analyze the cause of this ambiguity.    Henry James in Hawthorne, when discussing â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† comments on how imaginative it is, then mentions how allegorical Hawthorne is, and how allegory should be expressed clearly:    I frankly confess that I haveRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 1336 Words   |  6 Pagesshort story centering on an Irish adolescence boy emerging from boyhood fanaticizing into the harsh realities of everyday life in his country. It undergoes through the phases of self-discovery through a coming of age. It takes place in Dublin in 1894 when it was under British rule. The boy in the story is strongly correlated with the author James Joyce. Young Goodman Brown was another story in which the ending results on a grand epiphany. It was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, taking place in Salem duringRead More Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         There is no end to the ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†; this essay hopes to explore this problem.    Peter Conn in â€Å"Finding a Voice in an New Nation† makes a statement regarding Hawthorne’s ambiguity:      Almost all of Hawthorne’s finest stories are remote in time or place. The glare of contemporary reality immobillized his imagination. He required shadows and half-light, and he sought a nervous equilibriumRead MoreMy Psychoanalytic Views of Two Short Stories1454 Words   |  6 Pagescriticism is a very common method of analyzing stories such as The White Heron by Sarah Orne Jewett, Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Masque of the Red Death by Edgar Allen Poe. Sylvia, a shy girl, who is rather naive and innocent. For most of her life has been sheltered from the atrocities of life. Being shielded from the outside world she hasn’t come to the conclusion that people can be bad. However this changes when a handsome and mysterious stranger wanders in her area. At firstRead MoreFlannery O Connor s Good Country People935 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O Connor s Good Country People and Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown explore the nature and range of religious hypocrisy congruently. Comparably O Connor s theme focuses on the eclipsed personalities one can have, where Hawthorne s short story pushes the meaning that everyone is secretly corrupt in their own way. While each tale marches to its own tune, the overlap is prominent; both authors strive to make a clear stance that the moral standing of an individual is onlyRead More The Theme of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay2278 Words   |  10 PagesThe Theme of Young Goodman Br own      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay intends to develop an interpretation of the theme of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†.    To come by a clear notion of the theme of   â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is no easy task, thanks to the confusing style of the author. As A.N. Kaul says in the â€Å"Introduction† to Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays:    Because Hawthorne was much given to evasions, mystifications, and prevarications of various sorts, because he repeatedly confusesRead MoreBrowns Fall Essay1998 Words   |  8 Pagesenhance the theme of their works. One author in particular is Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† in 1835. His time period influenced the theme of his work. The theme Hawthorne chose was the weakness of public morality. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† Hawthorne shows this theme through the perspective of a Puritan man, Goodman Brown. In the story Hawthorne shows that Goodman Brown’s religious convictions are rooted in his belief that those around him are also religious. This kind

Snow Falling On Cedars Ap Literature Essay Example For Students

Snow Falling On Cedars Ap Literature Essay I have to admit, when I first started reading this book, I had a problem withtrying to stay awake: I found the writing dry. Then slowly as characters wereintroduced, a mystery started to unfold, and tension between neighbors rose, Icould not put the novel down. Whether it was the vivid descriptions of the snowbanks, or the emotional accounts of the townspeople, David Gutersons novel,Snow Falling on Cedars is a true piece of literary art. Snow Falling on Cedarsis the fictional account of a Japanese immigrant, Kabuo Miyamoto who is on trialfor the murder of a fisherman, Carl Heines. The majority of the residents of SanPiedro have already found Kabuo guilty simply because of his race, physicalstature, and history as a soldier. Guterson weaves this relatively simple talethrough the eyes of many people giving points of view that are sometimes lost instories of prejudice, thus creating a complex story where one finds themselvessimplifying with every party involved. By doing this, Guterson establishes anemotional connection between the readers and the characters. The characters,although physically different, are very similar in that they dont trustanyone who is different than they are. For instance, Carl Heines motheralways believed that Kabuo was glaring at her. She felt that he was sneaky andwas going to try and steal away her land. Through this statement, we see howsome of the white residents feel about their neighbors from the Far East. Guterson also makes it known that the older Japanese do not trust the Whiteseither when we read the conversation between Hatsue and her mother. Hatsuesmother tells her that the whites are evil and deceitful and will try and takeaway her purity. By writing these conversations, Guterson shows us that a lot ofanxiety is built between different cultures when they do not understand eachother. Snow Falling on Cedars has found a place in my heart. Up until the lastchapter I was convinced that this story was just a cheap rip-off of ?To Kill AMockingbird?, yet in the last chapter justice is served, and an innocent manwalks away. This is one of the main reasons I liked this book. I identified withthe characters, I established a connection, while the whole time hoping theywould do the right thing, and as we know, they do not let me down. Ishmael comesto the Miyamoto family with his news about the freighter, and they approach thesheriff with it. I was a little worried at this point that Ishmael was going toremain bitter about loosing Hatsue, but as was my initial feeling he did do theright thing. I think that was one of the major themes that this book wasportraying, although people are different and have very strong conflictingemotions, we are all humanitarians and we will do the right thing. I feel thisbook ties in well with the ?Washington State History? class. One can readabout Washingtons high amount of trees, yet one cannot appreciate them nearlyas well as I did when reading Snow Falling on Cedars. Snow Falling on Cedars hada certain charm to it, something I connected with as a long time resident ofthis State. For instance, when Ishmael is making his way to his mothershouse, and he is describing the chaos that the snow has created, ?Looking outpast the windshield wipers Ishmael saw billions of snowflakes falling in longtangents, driven southward, the sky shrouded and furious. The wind propelled thesnow against the side of barns and homes, and Ishmael could hear it whi stlingthrough the wing windows rubber molding, which had been loose now for manyyears.?(320) I am reminded of my days growing up in the Cispus Valley wherescenes like this were frequent in the winter months. The strawberry farms areanother good example. Some of the descriptions that Guterson used to capture thebeauty of these fields were as if they were mine. I remember working summer jobsin strawberry fields in Orting and the long aisles of strawberries were indeedquite beautiful and did have a great aroma. Perhaps the most important part ofSnow Falling on Cedars is the descriptions of the Japanese Internment Camp. .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a , .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a .postImageUrl , .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a , .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a:hover , .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a:visited , .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a:active { border:0!important; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a:active , .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufde7b39611fc1b8acc6e51569ee2b18a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alzheimers (1167 words) EssayMaybe this is my fault, however I like to consider myself well in tune withhistory, but I had no idea how bad the Japanese were treated. To think, while wewere in Germany fighting against the evils of the Nazis and their treatment ofthe Jews that the whole country found disgusting, we were guilty of the samething. After reading this book I was driving to my sisters house, which happensto be right across the street from the Puyallup Fair Grounds, and it sent ashiver up my spine. Every year thousands of people go there and play carnivalgames and pet the horses, yet they have no idea that people were forced to sleepin these stables. Snow Falling o n Cedars is, quite simply, one of the greatestworks of modern literature that I have read. It captures the beauty of theNorthwest, the lust of adolescent love, and the ugly face of racism in us all. Snow Falling on Cedars fits in well with Washington State History on a fewlevels.

An Overview of Hydrogen essays

An Overview of Hydrogen essays Hydrogen is the first element on the periodic table. It has only one electron and one energy level. Having only one proton and one electron causes it to be very light in weight. The British scientist Henry Cavendish is given credit with discovering hydrogen in 1766, but studies show that German-Swiss alchemist Paracelsus in the 16th had handled it first. It gets its name from the words hudÛr, meaning water, and gennan, meaning generate, thus giving it water generator. It was named this because of Cavendish's experiment where he combined oxygen and hydrogen. Hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas (at room temperature) and highly explosive. It if the least dense gas known to man. Only about 1.9 mg dissolves in a liter of water at 0Â ° C. Its classification is a non-metal. Hydrogen has a hexagonal crystal structure. The melting point of hydrogen is 14Â ° K and the boiling point is 20.28Â ° K. The atomic mass of hydrogen is 1.00794 amu. Because it has only one electron, it will react very quickly and, in many cases, violently. To see for yourself combine hydrogen with fluorine. Hydrogen has three isotopes. The first is H-1, Protium, which is stable. Protium makes up 98% of naturally occurring hydrogen. The second is H-2, Deuterium, which is also stable. Deuterium makes up 1.99% of naturally occurring hydrogen. The third is H-3, Tritium, which is radioactive. Tritium has a half-life of 12.3 years. Tritium makes up about 0.001% of naturally occurring hydrogen. Hydrogen has numerous uses, the most common of those are balloons, metal refining, and production of electricity. Some of those uses are dangerous. The Hindenburg is a prime example of the unstable state of hydrogen. Another example of just how dangerous hydrogen is the thermonuclear bomb. Developed under the name of the Manhattan Project during WWII, the bomb proved both useful and devastating. They are estimated at being able to kill about 75,000 people instantl...

Infant Toddler Development Essays

Infant Toddler Development Essays Infant Toddler Development Paper Infant Toddler Development Paper 1 Definition of infancy period between birth and 12-18 months, when baby begins to talk 1 Definition of toddler infants between 18 and 36 months 1 Maturationist believes babies develop acc. To genes 1 empiricists believe babies develop based on experience (Lockes tabla rasa) 1 nativist believe babies come equipped with inborn feelings, ideas, traits 1 transactional perspective nature AND nurture believes babies develop based both on biology and social interactions 1 cephalocaudal perspective development proceeds from head to foot 1 proximodistal principle development proceeds from center of body to outer extremeties 1 Six categories of Child Development Theories 1) Nativistic/maturational 2) Behavioral 3) Psychoanalytic 4) Cognitive 5) Social contextual 6) Developmental systems theories 1 Methods of studying infants 1) Habituation-Dishabituation/Novelty, 2) Visual Preference Technique 3) Violation of Expectation Method 4) Physiological Repsonses 5) Facial Expressions 6) Parent Reports 7)Nonnutritive Sucking 1 Developmental Assessment Instruments Denver II, Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP) 2 Order of stages of an infant (names of the cell clusters) zygote,morula, blastocyst, embryo, fetus 2 Percentage of pregnancies that result in miscarriage, and when 50% of pregnancies, usually within the 1st 3 weeks 2 Length of prenatal period 266 days or 38 weeks 2 gestational age from 1st day of last menstrual period (280 days, or 40 weeks) 2 zygote newly fertilized egg. 2 where does the zygote travel? it gets fertilized in the fallopian tubes and travels in the tubes towards the uterus 2 within 36 hours, the zygote does this it divides into 2 cells within 36 hours of fertilization 2 morula what the zygote becomes after dividing into 12-16 cells, knobby looking 2 blastocyst how many days old? four days old, 58 cells 2 What does the blastocyst do during its existence? it floats free in the uterus 2-3 days, then on 6th day attaches to lining of uterus. Enzymes break down cells to help it attach. Enzymes stop on 10th day. 13th or 14th day, implantation has healed over in scarlike cyst. 2 percentage of ertilized ova that fail to attach to uterus 30-50% of ova fail to do this 2 placental previa blastocyst implants in extreme lower region of uterus, DANGEROUS 2 cervical pregnancy blastocyst implants in cervix; usu. Results in spontaneous abortion 2 ectopic pregnancy blastocyst implants outside the uterus; usu. Causes excessive bleeding and spontaneous abortion 2 embryo define, and how old? when blasocyst has developed cells called embryonic disk, it becomes an embryo (around 14th day) 2 embryonic disk group of cells inside blastocyst (now an embryo) that composes the beginning of major structures of the body 2 gastrulation development of the body form, beginning with the formation of 3 germ layers 2 germ layers how many and why? 3 germ layers, form through gastrulation, will become major body structures (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm) 2 ectoderm germ layer in embryo that will form nervous system, backbone, skin, hair, nails, parts of eyes and ears 2 endoderm germ layer in embryo that will form digestive tract, respiratory system, liver, glands 2 mesoderm germ layer in embryo that will form circulatory, excretory, and reproductive systems, skeleton, muscles, connecting tissues 2 chorion outer layer of the embryo, around 3 weeks; one side attached to uterus, and later develops into placenta; other side has cavity that will form the amniotic sac 2 placenta develops from chorion, it is the link between mother and child, exchanges all nutrients, waste products, oxygen, hormones, etc. 2 umbilical cord how long and thick? links uterus to embryo; at full term, is 1/2 to 3/4 inches thick and 20-24 inches long 2 How often is fluid in amnotic sac replaced? the fluid is changed every 3 hours through the placenta 2 secondary yolk sac (first yolk sac disappears) this one transfers nutrients to embryo before placental connection is made 2 neurulation ectoderm folds over to make neural tube; nervous system begins to develop 2 primitive spinal cord is formed when? by 9th or 10th week 2 what do neurons do, and until when? they migrate until the 28th week 2 what is th most critical period for brain development? between the 3rd and 16th week is most critical 2 when will the embryos tail disappear? it disappears around the 8th week 2 when does the embryo has facial features? by 6 weeks 2 somites the foundations of skeleton, appear as tiny buds around 8th week 2 when do teeth start forming? they start forming around the 12th prenatal week 2 when do kidneys and urinary tract develop they develop by aound the 4th and 5th weeks 2 when does heart begin to flutter? it begins to flutter around the 3rd week (21st day) 2 fetus when do we start calling it this? we start calling it this name around the 9th week (end of 8th) 2 What is the length of the fetal period? (what to what week? this period is 9-20 prenatal weeks 2 vernix caseosa and lanugo what are they, and during what prenatal period do they appear? one is a waxy cheeselike covering of the skin and the other is downlike hairs; during fetal period, around 17-20 weeks 2 Klinefelter Syndrome a chromosomal abnormality; male child is born with two X chromosomes, and one Y; males later develop breasts, small testes, sparse pubic and facial hair, low IQ 2 Turner syndrome a chromosomal abnormality; infant has only 1 X chromosome; delayed growth, webbed neck, ovaries do not function, normal intelligence, visual-perceptial problems 2 cri du chat syndrome a chromosomal abnormality; unusual facial features, reduced head and brain size, heart disease, severe mental disabilities 2 Huntingtons chorea a single gene disorder; a progressive degeneration of the nervous system 2 single gene disorder examples examples include dwarfism, glaucoma, Huntingtons chorea, PKU (phenylketonuria; cant digest amino acids in milk), cycstic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia 2 what is the most common form of prenatal assessment (maternal blood tests, ultrasound, or amniocentesis)? ultrasound is the most common form of this 3 What parecentage of babies are born within 2 weeks of their due date (280 days gestation)? 95% of babies are born at this time 3 What percentage of babies are born in the head-first position? 96% of babies are born in this position 3 what is breech position? this is when baby is born with butt, feet, or knees first 3 what is frank breech position? when baby is born butt first, feet extended straight up past ears 3 What is the most difficult phase of delivery called? The transition phase (contractions are very close together and very strong) 3 How wide is a fully dilated cervix? 8 inches (normally it is the width of a pencil) 3 What is the Leboyer method? it involves controlling te birth environment (warm, quiet room, dim lights, gently handled baby, massaged on mothers belly, baby put in warm water) 3 couvade fathers in the northwest Amazon hold magical beliefs about childbirth, mimic symptoms and delivery 3 neonatal period/infancy length? usu. 2 weeks, or up to 4-6 weeks 3 meconium black, semisolid poo of newborn 3 Name the 6 states of arousal (Wolff 1966) 1) Regular sleep/quiet sleep (non REM) 2)Irregular sleep/active sleep (REM) 3)Drowsiness 4)Alert inactivity (quiet alert) 5) Waking activity (bursts of vigorous movement) 6) Crying 3 Regular sleep is also called: quiet sleep 3 Irregular sleep is also called: active sleep 3 Alert inactivity is also called quiet alert 3 What are the 3 leading causes of infant death in the first year? Congenital abnormalities, prematurity/low birthweight, SIDS 3 What is low birth weight? (under what weight?) under 5 1/2 lbs 3 What is considered full-term birth? (between what weeks?) between 37 and 42 weeks 3 respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) the most common cause of death of pre-term infants; babies have incomplete lungs and not enough surfectant 3 What does APGAR stand for? Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiratory Effort 4 What is HGH and why is it important? It is Human Growth Hormone and it is important for growth after the baby is born. Growth may be stunted if deficient (GHD = Growth hormone deficiency) 4 By what month is babys growth doubled (after birth)? Babys weight doubles by 4 or 5 months 4 When is babys weight tripled? It triples by 1 year 4 What is the average birthweight (females, males)? Females average 7 1/2 lbs, males 7 3/4 lbs 4 What is average birth length? (females, males) females average 19 1/2 inches, males 19 3/4 inches 4 BMI how do you calculate it for babies? BMI = pounds divided by inches divided by inches x 703 (average BMI for 3 year old is 15.7) 4 Fontanels wide sections of cartilage that hold together the eight pieces of bone on the infants skull; AKA soft spots 4 When do teeth start to come in? (roughly) normally around 8 months, sometimes earlier =-) 4 When does baby have all 20 teeth cut? around 30-36 months 4 At birth, what percentage has brain grown to? brain is around 25% of full size at birth 4 at 6 months, babys brain is what percentage of full size? at 6 months, babys brain is 50% of adult weight 4 At what prenatal week does baby have a complete set of neurons? at the 20th week, baby has the full 80 million 5 When are babys immunities from mom mostly gone? They are gone by 6-12 months of age 5 otitis media middle ear infection 85% of kids in U.S. have one before age 3 5 what may be a cause of colic? possibly allergic reaction to protein in formula or allergens in breast milk; OR maybe IBS or reflux 5 What is the chance of mother infecting baby with AIDS/HIV? the chance of mother-baby infection is 20-25% 5 What is the leading cause of death for infants ages 6-12 months of age? maltreatment is the leading cause of death in this age group 5 What are the 2 most common forms of maltreatment of babies? the two most common forms are neglect and physical abuse 5 What are the top 3 causes of unintentional infant death? 1) Motor vehicle 2) drowning 3) fires/burns 5 Can AIDS be transmitted through breast milk? Yes, it can be transmitted 5 What age do Americans typically wean their babies? around 1 year (67%) 5 Kwashiorkor malnutrition caused by lack of protein; results in swollen belly, little muscle tissue, loss of hair, lethargy 5 Marasmus malnutrition caused by lack of calories (essentially, starvation); can cause chronic diarrhea, vomiting, irritability, apathy 6 maturation theory theory that children can be taught early, but others who are not taught will catch up easily due to maturation 6 dynamic systems approach a theory that compromises between maturation theory and learning; body systems must work together for baby to accomplish tasks (i.e. walking) 6 Moro reflex baby stretches arms out and brings together in hugging motion, in response to sudden noise or drop (disappears by 3 or 4 months 6 Babinski reflex big toe goes up while other toes go down, in response to tickle on bottom of foot (12-16 months) 6 tonic neck reflex reflex where one side of body is dominant, one arm and leg are extended in direction of which way head is facing (fades out 4th month) 6 stepping reflex rhythmic steps when feet touch flat surface (gone by 5 months) 6 Reflex must disappear before†¦ †¦before voluntary motor movement can be established 6 Two stages of Fine Motor Development 1) prereaching (swatting for things in visual field) 2) Visually Directed reaching (locate item with eyes first) 6 prehension grasping object between fingers and thumb 6 when does baby learn to use thumb for grasping? around 9 months 6 when can baby sit up alone? (roughly) around 6-7 months 6 when do average infants begin to crawl? around 7 months 6 when do babies creep? around 9 months 6 when do babies walk? around 12 months 6 when do babies stand? around 8-10 months 6 cruising walking sideways, using furniture to hold oneself up 6 when do babies run? around 18 months 6 what scale is used to measure motor movement? Bayley Scales of Infant Development II 7 can babies feel pain? of course!! More stress when given less anesthesia 7 haptic perception rubbing hands on surface of objects 7 what is the least-developed sense at birth? (hearing, smelling†¦ etc) vision is the least developed sense 7 when can babies see color about as well as adults? around 3 months, babies can see color as well 7 which do babies prefer more? Faces or patterns? they prefer faces more 7 when can babies discriminate between one or two objects from three (counting)? around 4-5 months 8 what are the two best predictors of IQ and language development later in life? home-environment quality and parent-infant interactions are the best predictors 8 Piagets theory believes that intelligence develops through what two kinds of influences? he believed it develops based on interaction between genetic and environmental (external) influences 8 scheme a basic pattern of action, thought, or knowledge 8 adaptation what is it the key to, according to? making changes in thought and actions to fit into new situations; Piaget believed it is the key to intellectual functioning 8 assimilation making the environment fit YOU 8 What two processes make up adaptation? Assimilation and accommodation 8 Accomodation making yourself fit the environment 8 what are Piagets basic stages? sensorimotor, preoperational thought, concrete operations, formal operations 8 sensorimotor period (age, how many stages) birth to 2 years, six stages 1)Exercising Reflex schemes, 2)primary circular reactions 3)secondary circular reactions 4) coordination of secondary circular reactions 5) Teritary Circular reactions 6)Invention of new Means through Mental Combinations 8 Acc. To Piaget, thought arises from†¦ †¦arises from action 8 Stage 1 Sensorimotor (name, age, char) Exercising reflex schemes (Birth-1 month) sucking, looking, crying. Goal is to become efficient at reflexes to satisfy nutritive needs 8 Stage2 Sensorimotor (name, age, char) Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months) primary = centered in babies own body. Circular reaction: response that stimulates its own repetition (i.e. thumb sucking). Understands order of events (put in position to nurse, followed by nursing) basis for concept of time 8 Stage 3 Sensorimotor Secondary Circular reactions (4-8 months) secondary = based on events or objects outside the body, ie. kicking a mobile stimulates repetition of kicking, object permanence emerges 8 Stage 4 Sensorimotor Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8-12 months) schemes are flexible, can be generalized to more situations. Babies can solve simple problems or obstacles. Cause and Effect emerges. (i.e. moving pillow to get box) true imitation emerges (imitate actions they cant see themselves perform i.e. wrinkle nose 8 Stage 5 Sensorimotor Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18 months) baby deliberately varies repetitive activities to produce new results. (curiosity and creativity) cause and effect is extended to other people. Babies seek to understand functions and properties of objects (i.e. weight) object permanence improves 8 Stage 6 Sensorimotor Invention of New Means Through Mental Combinations (18-24 months) ability to represent objects using mental images emerges. Invents solutions using mental schemes. 8 Vygotsky believed that these two things are critical factors in intellectual development: environment and social interactions 8 Vygotsky also believed this was central to shaping mental functioning: language 8 Sensorimotor play play through body movements that provide sensory pleasure; i.e. kicking, sucking, shaking, banging 8 double substitution the most sophisticated form of pretend (symbolic) play ie. stick is a doll (1) and bottle cap is cup the doll drinks from (2) 8 scaffolding (and who termed it?) Vygotsky termed it) tutoring, encouraging 9 When does private speech appear? around 30 months (2 1/2- 3 years) 9 phonology the sound features of speech and rules for their combination 9 phoneme basic, distinctive sounds used to form language 9 morphology the way sounds are combined to form words and other units of meaning 9 semantics the definitions of words and relations to other words (context) 9 Syntax the way words are combined to form sentences 9 pragmatics the practical functions of language and ways it is used to communicate 9 When does babbling emerge? 6 months 9 When does echolalia emerge? 9 months 9 when does first word emerge? 12 months 9 canonical babbling well-formed vowel and consonant combos, around 10 months (da da) 9 morpheme unit of meaning (ie. in choirboy, the words choir and boy are morphemes; also opened is open and ed) 9 age when vocabulary starts multiplying a lot: 18 -21 months (gain of 100 words) 9 word comprehension begins at age†¦ at 9-10 months (meaning of words like no) 9 age when babies start to put sentences together (2 words) 18 months 9 holophrases single words that are intended to mean a whole sentence (like ball means bring me the ball 9 two-word utterances what pattern do they follow? subject-verb Daddy eat! (not Eat Daddy!) 9 Three-word sentences appear at†¦ 2 to 2 1/2 years 9 Seven language functions: (Halliday) 1) Instrumental (I want) 2)Regulatory (do as I tell you) 3) Interactional (me and you) 4) Personal (Here I come) 5) Heuristic (exploring the environment) 6) Imaginative (Lets pretend) 7) Informative (Ive got something to tell you) 9 when do babies start the 7th funciton of language (informative) around 22 months 9 when does pointing gesture appear? 9-14 months 9 when do babies look at objects other people point to? 1 year 9 crib talk begins when? around 2-3 years 9 motherese special language mothers use to talk to their babies; baby talk (higher pitch, short, simplified words, slower pace, whispering, restriciton of topics to childs world 9 idioglossia private twin language, consisting of jargon and gestures 10 Freuds oral stage what ages, what bx? ages birth to 18 mo., baby must receive gratification throguh mouth (ie. sucking, feeding) or he/she will stay orally fixated 10 Freuds anal stage what ages, what bx? ages 18 mo. To 3 years; Baby must have a positive toilet training experience or he/she will remain anally fixated 10 Eriksons Trust Versus Mistrust ages? Char? ages Birth to 18 mo., baby must feel that the world is to be trusted, requires consistency and continuity, or baby will have difficulty separating from mother and have emotional problems later in life 10 Eriksons Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt 18 mo. To 3 years; baby must explore environment on its own, must establish bowel control (like Freuds anal stage); parents should not be overpermissive or overrestrictive. If child feels incompetent or insecure, they cannot progress to next stage 10 What is required to advance through Eriksons stages? each stage represents a conflict; conflict must be resolved before personality can proceed smoothly to the next stage. 10 What are the 9 dimensions of personality? 1) Activity level 2)Rhythmicity (regularity of schedule, eating, sleeping) 3) Approach or withdrawal (to people, food) 4) Adaptability (to change) 5) Sensory threshold (level of stimulation to elicit a response) 6) Intensity of response 7) Quality of mood 8) Distractibility 9) Persistence of attention span 10 65% of babies fall into one of three categories of child: 1) Easy Child (regular schedule, positive mood, easy to comfort, 40% of babies) 2) Difficult Child (irregular body functions and routines, cry a lot, not adaptable (10% of babies) 3) Slow-to-Warm-Up Child (mild intensity of reactions, not easily adaptable, mild negative responses, eventually makes appropriate adjustments, and displays quiet interest and enjoyment, 15 % of babies) 10 goodness-of-fit when child and caregiver match each other in personality 10 self-recognition (in mirror) when does this begin? starting around 15-18 months 10 by this age, babies can distinguish between picture of themselves and picture of another baby around 2 years 10 verbal self when baby can refer to him/herself with verbal labels (I, me, my) 10 when do babies first use verbal self labels? (I, me, my) around 20-22 months (I is usu. First) 10 When do babies start using self-descriptive statements (like I play)? around 2 years 10 perceived personal effectance infants learn the extent to which they can control their world; a 1-year-old is less afraid of a scary toy when they can control the toy 10 theory of mind 1) others have thoughts and beliefs that may be different from mine 2) understand that others sometimes have false beliefs (like when playing hide-and-seek, mommy may think you are in the closet when youre not) 11 7 abilities of Social Competence 1) getting, holding adults attention 2) Expressing affection and annoyance appropriately 3) Using an adult as resource when task is too difficult 4) Showing pride of personal accomplishments 5) Engaging in role-play/make-believe 6) Leading and following peers 7) Competing with peers 11 First social smile appears when? 2-3 months 11 social laughter appears when? 3-4 months 11 Notices/interacts with peers when? 3-6 months 11 Plays peek-a-boo when? 5-8 months 11 shy with strangers when? 8-10 months, peaks at 12 months 11 endogenous smile triggered by changes of arousal in nervous system; not socially produced 11 exogenous smile triggered by stimuli outside of body, changes in nervous system produced by others, ie. babytalk or blowing on tummy 11 Whaleys 5 stages of adult-infant play 1) Complementary/Reciprocal Social Play (face-to-face, smiles, sounds, adult as object) 2) Complementary/Reciprocal Play with Manual Awareness (focus of play is object provided by adult) 3) Simple Social/Simple Object Play (7-13 months infant locates own objects, playthings, parallel play with peers 4) Object Play wtih Mutual Regard (13-18 months infant attends to objects and adults at the same time thru games, conversations) 5) Simple Parallel Play (18-24 months, toddler plays independently with adults and peers nearby) 11 Uzgiris and Raeffs 3 types of infant-adult play 1) Interpersonal Play 2) Object Play 3) Symbolic Play 11 Interpersonal Play face-to-face interactions, social games, routines; peek-a-boo; imitaiton 11 Object Play parents are the audience and facilitators to infant playing with toy or object 11 Symbolic Play i.e. a block becomes a hammer, 1-2 years old infants will engage in joint episodes of symbolic play. Older kids will do it more independently 11 Earliest peer interactions infants notice other babies when? around 2 months 11 infant reaches toward other infants when? 3 months 11 infants vocalize and smile at other infants when? 6 months 11 Infants make physical contact when? around 1 year, exploring eyes, mouths, ears 11 Negative behaviors increase between what ages? between 1-2 years 11 By 2 years of age, toddler interactions are characterized by more: repetitive, reciprocal, cooperative patterns 11 Playmate preferences appear by: 18 months 11 By this age, most toddlers perfer same-sex peers as playmates 2 years 11 Between these ages, toddler find amusement in forbidden behaviors and share in laughter of others in challenge to adult authority: ages 14-24 months 11 moral development internalizing the rules and principles of human behavior 11 the moral dilemma experiment involving a hurt peer and bandages on a forbidden shelf showed: most children struggled with the dilemma but found a way to achieve a positive outcome 11 Prosocial behaviors, examples positive, socially desirable activities; ie. sharing, nuturing, helping, cooperation 11 Sharing behavior begins around age 1 (and declines afterwards, becoming more individualized 11 Children become more obedient between ages 1-3 years 11 by this age, most toddlers have adopted much of their cultures sex-typed division of activities and attributes by age 3 12 socialization of emotions infants emotions are influenced by the responses of parents and other caregivers 12 Mothers give a greater variety of emotional responses to (boys or girls?) girls 12 at what age to infants display anger? 4-7 months 12 at what age do infants display fear/wariness? 4-9 months 12 at what age do infants display rage? 7-18 months 12 display affection/love? 18-36 months 12 display empathy/symapthy? 18-36 months 12 display embarrassment? 24-36 months 12 display guilt, pride, shame? 24-36 months 12 when does stranger anxiety peak? 12 months 12 stranger anxiety declines after 1 year, then peaks again between ages: 18-24 months 12 separation anxiety begins at†¦ and peaks at†¦ begins at 8-9 months, peaks at 12 months 12 empathy may also correspond with infants achievement of: self-recognition (concept of self and others) 12 social referencing baby looks to adult to decide how to react in uncertain situations if mom smiles at a strange toy, baby is more willing to explore the toy 12 at this age, most babies can point to pictures of happy and sad faces by age 2 12 securely attached def and percentage? 66 % explored while mother was there, reacted positively to stranger, distressed when mother left, was easily comforted and resumed play when mom returned 12 avoidant attachment 12 % did not protest when separated from mother, avoided or ignored mother when she came back 12 ambivalent attachment 22 % very upset when mothers left room, ran to mothers when reunited, but was clinging and resistant (kicking and pushing away) 12 disorganized-disoriented attachment screaming for parent upon separation, moving silently away when parent returns, freezing all movement, approaching parent with head averted, stereotypies like rocking on hands and knees (their mothers often have early psychological trauma and loss) 13 Effects of divorce on children under age 2: less basic trust, more guilt and shame, less industry, more feelings of inferiority; more behavior problems in preschool 13 Effects of Father absence children score lower on cognitive tests, educational achievement is negatively affected 13 Percentages of children cared for by: parent, relative, daycare, non-relative family childcare parent 27%, relative 27%, daycare 22%, non-relative family childcare 17% 13 Six characteristics of home environment likely to foster early development: 1) Emotional and verbal responsivity of mother 2) Avoidance of restriction and punishment 3) Organization of physical env. And schedule 4) Provisions of appropriate play materials 5) Maternal involvement with child 6) Opportunities for variety in daily stimulation 13 Four types of discipline that result in Negative Outcomes: 1) inconsistent discipline 2) irritable, explosive discipline 3) low supervision and involvement 4) inflexible, rigid discipline 13 If punishment is necessary, it should be: brief and clearly linked to what the child has done

Should football managers be sacked when results (on the field) are Essay

Should football managers be sacked when results (on the field) are poor - Essay Example A football manager can have the best players in the world, but without credible managerial skills, less talented players who have a better managing team will beat his team. Each player has their own talents, qualities and strengths that proper workout on a daily basis that is meant to sustain morale, motivation and competence the player’s capabilities will not be portrayed in the games. They will be wasted. The secret to football success is in the backroom stuff and management. The best way to ensure staff competence is by understanding what the different football manager stuff attributes mean for training, transfer handling and scouting- this is what is called the ‘non-play attributes’. The decision to hire or sack a manager implies the consideration of aspects linked to environmental pressures, the importance of experience and skill of the manager and the emotional empathy of the manager with the institution. It is important that the manager be sacked based of f ield performance because just as Tena said, there are other external factors to be considered. These factors include the sponsors, the fans, the stakeholders, and the prestige of the football club among others. If a team keeps losing, then there is pressure from these external attributes on the management to take measures towards the rectification of the problem. These measures may lead to the sacking of the manager and other staff members. ... If a team keeps losing, then there is pressure from these external attributes on the management to take measures towards the rectification of the problem. These measures may lead to the sacking of the manager and other staff members. Apart from external factors, there are internal factors that would lead to the sacking of a manager in football. Paolo Di Canio was sacked from being Sunderland’s manager after a player rebellion where several players refused to play for him again. This made it impossible for him to continue managing the team (The telegraph, 2013:16). For the effective management of a football club, the manager should show certain coaching attributes that he should ensure the players are good. These include; attacking, defending goalkeeping coaching and fitness. The lack of these skills will lead to game loses and so if the manager cannot ensure proper training of the players then he should be sacked. The manager should also have a good mental capability i.e. his ability to observe, and act upon an individual’s state of mind and be able to act accordingly. Apart from this, the manager’s ability to work with the youth should be a contributing factor to how well the team will act in the games. The relationship between the players and the manager needs to be good for there to be effective management and good results. It this relationship is compromised, for example, if the players feel that the management is like a dictatorship, or there is no respect for the management, then the manager will not be effective in his managerial duties, and he should therefore be replaced. These are some of the factors that will lead to poor performance; the manager should be replaced when the team has poor performance because it is a

Effective Management of Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Effective Management of Research - Essay Example that helps little in the meaningful scholastic development of students. Most research models, in effect, send out students with a shopping cart who go scooping up all the data they can find about the subject assigned to them - a state, a province, a foreign country, an historic battle, a famous person, a scientific issue. Most of the information collected in this manner is available in encyclopedias or books, such that it precludes diligence, care or the need to work "again." This kind of research puts students in the role of information consumers instead of information producers as befit a researcher in the true sense of the word. The implications are that this research, ending up as information consumption, demands little thought, imagination or skill on the part of the students. Working as information producers, on the other hand, the student researchers are encouraged to make up their own minds, create their own answers to the research questions and show independence and judgment. With all kinds of new information technologies around, the "cut-and-paste" method inherent to the topical approach to school research is proving more and more untenable. A new approach has thus emerged enshrining the rule that students cannot embark on a research project without an ideal research model selected for them by a search team composed of teachers, librarians and the school administrators. This team assists the student researchers in analyzing different models then settle for one that matches the projected needs and preferences of the project. The other method synthesizes the best features of all available models to go into the building of a new one. (Assiniboine SSD) Ideally, a research topic is considered worth the students' effort if it is controversial, has attracted much interest and debate, a first-of-its-kind process or product, involves innovative or new techniques, and has value in other disciplines. The work of an eminent researcher is another interesting subject for research, as well as any individual who has achieved prominence the hard way. In the new approach, the students are not only asked to turn in a paper on, let us say, the atrocities ordered by Hitler. They are also required to put together a template of questions that would shed light on many interrelated issues, such as why Hitler behaved the way he did, the history of both the Jews and the Aryan race, the lessons learned from the Holocaust, etc. There is a primary questions accompanied by a set of subsidiary questions to get to the bottom and all angles of the subject. (McKenzie, 2000) In this new perspective, research is a process in repetition (Olin Uris Libraries). The earlier phases of the research influence the later stages, while the later stages have some bearing on the earlier phases. Going back and forth is necessary to ensure the reliability and validity of the research, which can be done only through constant review and revision. Remember that at the end of your journey, your research will be subjected to

Role Of The Civil And Criminal Courts Law Essay

Role Of The Civil And Criminal Courts Law Essay The criminal and civil jurisdictions have many differences and some similarities in the way they deal with cases. In this court report I will be discussing the role of the civil and criminal courts by witnessing the law in action and will also compare and contrast the courts. Hierarchy of the Courts Below is a simple diagram of the hierarchy of the courts in England and Wales. All criminal cases are heard at the magistrates court, but for serious offences such as murder and rape it may be heard at the crown court. All civil cases start at the county court which deals with a range of issues from small claims to complex cases. If the case goes to appeal it will be heard in the courts listed above and it will follow the courts hierarchy. The doctrine of judicial precedent is also based on the courts hierarchy where the higher courts will bind lower courts on earlier decisions made. Criminal Jurisdiction: Crown Court To witness the law in action in a criminal jurisdiction the court that I visited was Minshull Street Crown Court in Manchester. The court mainly dealt with indictable offences and either way offences, which could be heard in the Magistrates Court or the Crown Court depending on what the defendant chooses. During the visit to the court I attended a trial which was a rape case. This was seen as a reconstruction case as witnesses had to be called to reconstruct what had happened in the case. The facts of the case are as follows. The defendant, the defendants sister (X), the victim and the victims brother (Y) after attending a family barbeque were quite drunk and so they all went to Ys house. While they were at Ys house they drank more alcohol. At this point the defendant and the victim were both very drunk. After feeling tired, the victim fully clothed decided to go to sleep on the sofa. The defendant slept in another room and X and Y slept in the same room. After waking up some time later the victim realised that she wasnt dressed in the same way that she had gone to sleep and physically felt as though she had sexual intercourse. Sat next to her was the defendant. The victim seeing the defendant ran to her X and Ys bedroom and told them what had happened and remained in their room. Seei ng the victim like this Y rushed down and assaulted the defendant and told him to get out of the house. The indictment was given to the jury after the facts of the case was told by the prosecution. The indictment set out the charges which the defendant was to be tried. It contained two issues: the first was whether the defendant intentionally penetrated with the victim and the second issue of whether the victim consented to have sexual intercourse. The first issue has been admitted by the defendant as he claims that he did have sexual intercourse with the victim, but the question remains of whether the victim consented. This case was heard in front of a judge and jury. The circuit judge had a very active role during the trial; he had to make sure the case is being conducted accordingly with relevant law and practice. The judges main role in the case was to direct the jury and also to give the sentence according to the case if the defendant was found guilty. Before the trial began the judge directed the jury on what they had to do and what they could not do. For example, they had to listen to the facts of the case, evidence and witness statements and decide whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. They were also told not to discuss the case outside court as the decision they give may be influenced and will not be seen to be just. The instructions that were given were clear and understandable and the jury seemed to have understood it. The jury consisted of twelve members as it was a criminal case. These members were aged 18-70, lived in the UK for five years since the age of thirteen and randomly selected from the electoral register to make it fair and represent the society. By having a trial by a jury it allows ordinary members of the public to get involved and know what is happening in the law. But more importantly, it allows the defendant to be judged by his own peers. Lord Devlin describes the jury as a little parliament and believes it is the lamp that shows that freedom lives. Clearly, this statement suggests that the jury is seen to be an important part of the legal system. The jury not only judges according to the facts of the case but also mitigates the harshness of the law as they decide the case according to what they think is fair and right. However, sometimes they may not be the right person to give verdicts as they are not legally qualified but more importantly they may get it wrong. For example, in the case of Pottle Randal  [1]  (1991) the defendant was acquitted even though there was evidence against him. This illustrates the point that the judgement of the case should be left to the judge and not the jury as sometimes they do not get it right. This also leads to inconsistency and loosing certainty in the law as the decision will vary from jury to jury. Many criticism have been made against the jury system, Darbyshire claims that juries are not random, not representative, but anti-democratic, irrational and haphazard legislators, whose erratic and secret decisions run counter to the rule of law  [2]  . During the trial the judge did not use the doctrine of judicial precedent when he summed up the case at the end and there was very limited use of statutory interpretation when the legal issue was addressed to the jury. This is because the jury had to decide the case and his role was to direct them. When the judge summed up the case, after the prosecution and defence presented and questioned their witnesses, he addressed the main points in the case and the legal issues in relation to those facts to the jury. This helped the jury to understand fully what they had to do. The main legal issue that was addressed was the definition of rape. However, the second part of the definition was explained to the jury as the case was concerning this issue and not the intention of the defendant. The second part concerned whether the victim had consented and whether the defendant reasonably believed that she had consented to the sexual intercourse and had freedom and capacity to make that choice  [3]  . The jury had to take this into consideration and whether the victim was able to consent while she was drunk. It was seen that the interpretation of the act given by the judge was given using the literal approach. The plain and ordinary meaning of the word was given to give effect to parliaments intention. The decision of the jury was based on the evidence, witness statements and the reconstruction of the case. At the end of the trial the jury were given time to decide the verdict. In the specific case the verdict was not guilty and the defendant was acquitted. The decision was made in secret. At this point it could be argued that this is seen as a weakness of the jury as we are not able to know how they reached such a decision as there is no explanation given. Civil Jurisdiction: County Court Majority of civil cases are heard at the County Court, many of which are private. Due to the matters being private many will try and resolve their dispute outside of court, with very few cases going to trial. However, if the parties wish they may still go to court with t heir claim. Some civil courts that I attended heard many private disputes which were not available for the public to sit in at. However, at Manchester County Court I was able to attend a trial, this was a property case. The summary of the case was stated by the prosecution at the beginning of the trial. The facts of the case are as follows. The defendant and the claimant lived together for sixteen years. In 1989 they purchased a house which was under the claimants name. In 1996 the house was remortgaged and the claimant sold the house to the defendant for  £85,000 at a profit of  £20,000. The money obtained was used to pay off the mortgage payment by the claimant which was  £44,000 and the rest ( £31,000) was put into the claimants gold deposit account. When the property was first purchased it was seen as a joint venture by the parties even though the property was under the claimants name. However, after the property was sold to the defendant it was claimed that the there was no trust ar ising between them and it was no more or no less than just a remortgaging exercise. But the claimant claims that even after the remortgage they were still living together and the property was seen as a joint venture and they both still had a close relationship before the break up in 2006. The issue arising in this case is whether there was a relationship between the claimant and defendant in order for the claimant to obtain her share of the property. This case was heard by a district judge alone. The role of the judge was to establish the facts and to apply relevant law to the case followed by a reasoned judgement at the end of the trial. The defendant and the claimant were both cross examined by the prosecution and the defendant and were also questioned by the judge on certain issues that was considered to be important. This allowed both parties to provide their point of view and evidence to support their argument in the case. During the trial the doctrine of judicial precedent was used by the prosecution to support the argument he was presenting. To establish that there was trust between the two parties Lord Hoffmans statement in a House of Lord case was used where it sated that trust can be established between the parties. The doctrine of judicial precedent plays an important role in the English legal system. It is based on stare decisis where the previous decision of a higher court stands. This is seen to be binding on all lower courts. So it will be seen that the judge must consider the case when the judgement is given. However, the judge may not have to follow the previous case and can distinguish it on the basis that the facts of the case are different, but if the facts of the case are the same the case can be used. Many parties can go to court to solve their dispute. However, there are alternative methods available for civil cases rather than going to court. Alternative Dispute Resolution Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is another method of resolving a dispute rather than going to court. ADR is part of a continuing contest over the dominance of courts in the apparatus of state law  [4]  . ADR may be more relevant to civil matters than criminal matter as it mainly focuses on disputes involving parties, however, it could also be used in criminal matters depending on the nature of the case. Both litigation and ADR have their strengths and weaknesses when the methods are used. ADR is cheap, less formal, flexible and quicker compared to litigation. But most important of all it protects the relationship of the two parties as there is no winner and no looser. However, if parties do not compromise it may take long for the dispute to be solved also the decision made in many types of ADR is not legally binding such as negotiation, mediation and conciliation. On the other hand, with litigation it is expensive, formal and a more complicated process compared to alternative ADR. Furthermore, it can be time consuming and not flexible enough to suit the parties. However, a decision is always given at the end, which is legally binding and enforced through the courts. As to which method is used depends on the parties and the nature of the case and how complicated it is to solve. ADR is a more convenient way to resolve a dispute than using litigation as there are many more advantages in using this method than going to court. Comparison of the Criminal and the Civil Court There are many differences in the criminal and the civil jurisdiction in terms of the purpose of action, concern, parties involved, standard of proof, the decision and the court in which the case is heard (illustrated in the diagram above). Criminal law is concerned with offences against the state. In order for the defendant to be found guilty the burden of proof is on the prosecution to prove that the defendant is guilty beyond reasonable doubt. The courts of criminal jurisdiction are concerned with punishing the wrongdoer. On the other hand, the civil jurisdiction is concerned to resolve the legal dispute between the two private parties. The standard of proof is also different as it is on the balance of probabilities. These differences are reflected in the cases which were heard at court. For example, in the criminal court the case was to establish that the defendant was guilty of rape beyond reasonable doubt where as in the civil court there was no need for the prosecution to do t his. Conclusion Overall, the courts are distinct in the cases that are heard. The role of the judge in each court was different but was seen to be very important. The courts are seen to be very important for parties that bring their cause of action to court as a person with legal knowledge is able to help them and decision given is binding and legally enforced to do right to the party that has been wronged. WORD COUNT 2,460

Lunch Lady Blues Essay -- Nutrition

In recent years America’s health and economy have become a hot topic of debate in legislative offices. Recent legislation concerning the food served in schools nationwide has undergone changes that have cause widespread debate on the role of the federal government in students’ lives, the possible effects on the industry that supply food to schools and the effects on the schools and students themselves. In some cases the debated changes are welcomed with open arms and are merely formalities, in others the changes are reasons to lobby congress to convince them that pizza is counted as a vegetable because it has tomato paste. In the long run some of the changes will make a positive impact on the health of children, and businesses will find ways to adapt to the new regulations and succeed. As of 2008 an estimated 17% of children between the ages of 2-19, are considered obese. This statistic has tripled over a 30 year period beginning in the mid 1970s (CDC). The greatest concern for children in this category is the risk for coronary heart disease from the consumption of trans fats (CDC). The life long affects of obesity are one main reason the federal government has recently adopted changes to the National School Lunch Program nutritional requirements. Trans fats were created by scientist to replace the saturated fats found in some processed foods; they are commonly used to prolong the shelf life of foods (CDC). The fact is the consumption of artificial trans fats affects cholesterol levels negatively and increases the risk for heart disease (CDC). The National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program serve a combined 40 million or more meals per day to students nationwide (CDC). The risk of heart disease is not the only... .../FR-2012-01-26/pdf/2012-1010.pdf> Salk Institute. "How Obesity Increases The Risk For Diabetes." ScienceDaily, 21 Jun. 2009. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. â€Å"Schwan’s Food Service, Inc. Redefines School Pizza, Offering Healthier Choices for Children in More Than 72,000 U.S. Schools† Businesswire. businesswire.com. 7 Mar. 2011. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. Simon, G.E., et al. â€Å"Obesity, depression, and health services costs among middle-aged women.† nih.gov, 28 Jun. 2011. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. United States Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Notices†. usda.gov, 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 3 Apr. 2012.